What does the term 'Containment' refer to in hazardous materials incidents?

The term 'Containment' in hazardous materials incidents refers specifically to the process of limiting the spread of hazardous substances. This is a critical first step in the management of a hazardous materials incident, as it aims to prevent the spread of contaminants to the surrounding environment, thereby minimizing risk to human health and the ecosystem.

Containment involves various techniques and materials, such as using booms, barriers, or absorbents to prevent the escape of hazardous substances. By effectively containing these materials, responders can mitigate the potential harm caused by exposure or environmental damage. This step is essential before any cleanup or remediation can be undertaken, as it ensures that the situation does not worsen while the response efforts are mobilized.

The other options presented reflect different aspects of handling hazardous materials incidents. Cleaning up spills and restoring a site are follow-up actions that come after containment has been successfully achieved. Entering an affected area without protection is not only incorrect but also poses significant health risks to responders. Therefore, containment is a foundational action that is crucial to the safety and effectiveness of the overall response to hazardous materials incidents.